Monday, 3 August 2015

Reading Aloud to Secondary Students



"Reading aloud in school is not a frill. Go out of your way to make each book a special experience for your students. Allow them to live literature, to become so involved in a story that they become a part of it. It could change their lives."  
                                                                                                                    Judy Freeman.
                                                                                  
A recent post on OZTLNet reminded me of the importance of reading to all students, regardless of age. Some secondary schools are beginning to rediscover the importance of reading aloud to adolescents and have even timetabled weekly ‘Library-English Reading Lessons’ as part of their school improvement plans to lift student learning outcomes.

It makes sense for us to keep reading to our teens.

Reading aloud helps them develop and improve literacy skills - reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Additionally, it gives students a shared experience conducive to group activities and exposes them to literature that they are unlikely to read independently. Jim Trelease asserts that because children “listen at a higher level than they read, listening to other readers stimulates growth and understanding of vocabulary and language patterns”.

Indeed, reading aloud to adolescents does enrich their vocabulary. They are provided with new words in context that would be normally too difficult for them to read independently. These new words can then be added to their speaking and writing vocabularies and serve as a foundation for acquiring additional vocabulary. Carefully chosen material encourages the broadening of vocabulary and the acquisition of new concepts and stretches general knowledge, improving performance in all KLAs!

Another benefit of reading to secondary students is that the process improves listening stamina and skills. It also gives them a ‘taste’ of sophisticated writing and is useful going into stage 6. It exposes them to classical mythology and classical literature that they may have missed as younger students and may prove useful in their senior years – particularly in Advanced English. The allusions to classical, biblical and mythological literature by poets and writers are many and numerous!

The National Library of New Zealand offers a list of ‘musts’ for reading to older students. These include:

·        As well as novels, read short stories, poetry, magazine articles, newspaper columns or editorials and young adult (YA) books.
·        Always preview the book.
·        Read a chapter or a good “chunk” each day – keep the momentum going.
·        Read books that suit students intellectually, socially and emotionally. Semi-literate readers do not need semi-literate books.

Additionally, I would also add:
·       Use picture books – this also improves visual literacy
·       Read from a variety of genres
·       If a read aloud falls flat, drop it and select another – keep them engaged at all costs!


Finally, I think the best approach to reading aloud to older students is best summed up by Jim Trelease when he says:

“Reading aloud is a commercial for reading. ...Think of it this way: McDonald's doesn't stop advertising just because the vast majority of Americans know about its restaurants. Each year it spends more money on ads to remind people how good its products taste. Don't cut your reading advertising budget as children grow older."



Research and resources on reading aloud

Chambers, A. (1991). The reading environment : how adults help children enjoy books. PETA

Freeman, J. (1992).  Read Aloud Books: The Best Of The Bunch. Teacher Magazine. Available at: http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/curr081.shtml#sthash.8IYDaZPk.dpuf

Krashen, S.D.(2004). The power of reading: insights from the research. 2d ed. Westport CT, Libraries Unlimited.


McPherson, K. (Oct 2008). Reading lifelong literacy links into the school library. Teacher librarian. 36 (1): 72-74. Reprinted from Dec 2005. (Available through EPIC MasterFile)


Miller, D. (2009). The Book Whisperer: Awakening the Inner Reader in Every Child. Jossey Bass Wiley, Chichester.



Mills,W. (Aug 2009). The Importance of reading aloud .Journal of reading, writing and literacy. Vol 4(2):64-78


National Library of New Zealand (2015). Reading to older students. Available at: http://schools.natlib.govt.nz/creating-readers/creating-readers-strategies/reading-aloud

Phelps Zientarski, D., Pottorff, D. (1994). Reading Aloud to Low Achieving Secondary Students. Reading Horizons, Volume 35, Issue 1. Available at: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1386&context=reading_horizons

Trelease, J. (2013). The Read Aloud Handbook, Penguin Books, New York.